International Journal of Special Education

Teaching Creative Writing through Reading Activities: A Study at Intermediate Level ESL Students

2023-01-13T12:21:15+00:00

This research aims at devising a helpful method to teach creative writing to students. The focus of this research is on certain qualities of creative writing like novelty, accuracy, fluency, and flexibility which is the final goal of all related to teaching and learning to write creatively and persuasively. The researcher has conducted an experiment on the 12-grade students to teach them creative writing through reading activities. The study was conducted for 12 weeks in the 2020-2021 academic year, at the Superior group of colleges Rahim Yar Khan. The sample consists of 40 students equally divided into two groups, experimental and control groups. In this study, a pre and posttest design was used. The experimental group was taught through reading activities designed by the researcher, while the traditional method was used for the control group. The students in the experimental group received moral stories for reading. The students in the experimental group were asked to reframe the story by using their imagination. Whereas the control group was not given any specific treatment and was meant to serve as a comparison group. The performance of the experimental groups was measured and analyzed through pre and posttest’s scores, it was noted that there was a significant statistical difference in the pre-and posttest scores. The posttest’s scores also showed a significant difference in the mean scores of the experimental and control groups. The posttest scores of mean values were also in favor of the experimental group. The result shows that reading activities have a positive impact on developing the student’s creative writing.

Microfacies and Depositional Environmental Studies of Lockhart Formation of Chhangla Gali Area, Hazara Basin, Pakistan.

2023-01-22T08:09:38+00:00

The Paleocene Lockhart Formation of Hazara Basin Lesser Himalayas of Pakistan was deposited in the package of shelf carbonates after the second disconformity transgression of Tethys. Three hundred thirteen (313) thin sections were prepared and stained for petrography from this section. The measured Chhangla Galli section is about 60 m thick of Lockhart Formation in Hazara Basin. Nine microfacies Mudstones, Rotaliidae Wackstones / Packstones, Miscelaneidae Wackstones / Packstones, Bioclastic Wackstone / Packstone, and Algal Wackstones / Packstones have been established and geochemically analyzed. The study shows that this formation deposited in shallow marine subtidal to the tidal marine environment of deposition environment of a carbonate platform (inner to mid ramp). The study includes biostratigraphy and micropaleontology of Paleocene carbonates of the Chhangla Gali section. Twenty-three (23) representative samples selected for major and trace elements (Ca, Mg, Sr, Mn, Fe and Na) analysis of the carbonates are reflected diagenetic and depositional environment. Ten (10) samples analyzed for stable isotopes variation in Carbon and Oxygen of the carbonate shows the water temperature.

A Study on Consumer Satisfaction towards Okinawa E-Bike with Special Reference to Kolhapur City

2023-01-24T06:10:15+00:00

India is the second most prominent maker and formation of E-bikes on the world. The core of vehicle industry that was revaluated with the welcome of eco-obliging improvement is good to go to see sunrise of new time in bike industry.The primary purpose of this study is to the identify the relationship between the factors and customer satisfaction. Factors considered for research are Price, Suspension, Charging Time, Built Quality, Warranty, Maintenance Cost, Security Alerts, Brand Name, Mileage, Motor Power. Descriptive research design has been used and convenience sampling method used for the collecting the data.Structured questionnaire used for the collecting primary data. Regression Analysis was being performed on the data collected to find out the factors that was studied affecting the satisfaction of the Okinawa E-bike customers. Finding of the study

Modulation in Pharmaceutical Marketing during Covid-19 Period Causing Impingement on Prescribing Behaviour of Indian Doctors: A Critical Review

2023-01-24T06:12:13+00:00

The third-largest by volume and the fourteenth-largest by value in the world is the pharmaceutical industry in India. It is one of the highest distributors of medicines in the world. The pharmaceutical market of India has unique characteristics and differentiate it from other countries. It has its own opportunities and challenges.

There are only certain sectors which have flourished in Covid -19 period and pharmaceutical industry is one of them. Pharmaceutical marketing strategies in right direction will play an important role in the changing scenario. Those Pharmaceutical companies which will be selecting strategically correct marketing strategy, to influence the prescribing behaviour of doctors will be benefitting maximum. Huge promotional budget is allotted by the pharmaceutical companies for the advertisement of products, but choosing correct method of influencing the prescribing behaviour of doctors has a vast significance. This paper review & examine the various pharmaceutical strategies applied by the companies on doctors and their impact.

Research has a vast academic relevance that it will provide an in-depth insight in the field of pharmaceutical marketing and managerial relevance in a way that conclusions of this research will guide the pharmaceutical companies to make better decision making in regards to selection of efficient pharmaceutical marketing strategy. The finding reveals that there are several strategies which are being used by pharmaceutical companies and there is a strong effect of these pharma marketing methods.

Emotional Intelligence and Religiosity as Predictors of Mental Health among Drug Addicts

2023-01-28T07:39:33+00:00

Current study aims to explore the role ofEmotional intelligence and Religiosity as predictors of Mental Health among drug addicts.The current study core objectives were (1) To investigate the role of Emotional intelligence as predictor of Mental Health among drug addicts. (2) To investigate the role of Religiosity as predictor of Mental Health among drug addicts.Purposive sampling was used to recruit 100 people ranging in age from 18 to 60 from various regions of Islamabad and Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Instruments used for the current study were, Emotional Intelligence scale,Index of Religiosity and Depression Anxiety Stress scale for measuring Mental Health. The findings have shown that the association amid emotional intelligence and religiosity is positive between the variables in drug addicts. Also, emotional intelligence has been found to have positive relation with mental health amidst drug addicts. Hence, amongst the drug addicts the relationship is significant only between mental health and emotional intelligence; however, the relationship between religiosity and mental health is weak and positive but significant. So, the two hypothesis are supported by the recent study that emotional intelligence and religiosity are the predictors of mental health in drug addicts.Given the importance of emotional intelligence in determining overall health, the study's long-term implications include giving data for trying to provide better drug addict intervention programmes and ensuring that degrading lifestyles are avoided.

Skill Based Education at the Secondary School Level in an Industrial City of Pakistan

2023-02-02T11:38:18+00:00

In this study, the necessity for skilled-based education at the secondary school level in an industrial city in Pakistan was analyzed. The research focused on the integration of skill-related subjects in secondary school curricula andaimed to investigate theskill set required in the industrial sector. To understand the current situation, governmental policies were reviewedand major challenges in implementing technical education were highlighted. It was qualitative research with an exploratory research design.Tehsil Gujranwala was the selected study area. Elite interviews with representatives of business, TEVTA, and Gujranwala school heads were used to gather the data. Three documents were analyzed i.e., the technical courses taught at the secondary school level, the National education policy of 2017, and the Punjab growth strategy of 2018. The results painted a bleak picture of state of skill-based education in an industrial city. All the stakeholders involved lacked ambition, communication, and teamwork. The objectives of government initiatives have not been met because of poor management of resources and misuse of finances. The respondents suggested that the media and NGOs might help to emphasize the value of skill-based education pertaining to the local needs. It was vital and crucial that the curriculum be modified in order to incorporate skill-based education into general education for the benefit of individuals, society, and ultimately Pakistan's socioeconomic development.

Awareness of Reproductive Rights Among Highly Educated Females of Islamabad

2023-02-11T15:06:40+00:00

This study sought to determine how well-educated women have awareness regarding their reproductive rights. Decision making and awareness of reproductive rights is still a labyrinth among the highly educated women among the Pakistani women. The advancement of women's reproductive health and rights has been designated as a top priority by both the World Health Organization and the United Nations. The study underlined the basic research question of the awareness level of the reproductive rights. The study opted the qualitative research design. The respondents of the study were married women from the Islamabad. Therefore, the researcher gathered the data from 10 respondents through the purposive sampling technique. The data was collected through the face to face to interview guide. The data were analyzed through the thematic analysis technique. The findings of this study most of the women know their reproductive rights and they practices easily, few of them are not aware of their reproductive rights. The study has recommended that there is dire need for the government to takes initiative regarding the reproductive rights of women through media and the other platforms.

Honor Killing; A Socio-Psychological Phenomenon?

2023-02-11T15:08:24+00:00

This research analysis the reasons, usually mentioned in connection to the questionable “honor killings”. In this manner, the aim is to debate the idea of “honor killings” by viewing trends and patterns in Pakistan. This study explores the legal and judicial obstacles change the manner of swing and finish to the abuse of killing girls within the name of honor. This study analyzes the “honor killing” cases during different periods of time. It further discusses about Islam in the matter of honor killing and tries to get rid of the misconception within the minds of the West relating to Islamic teachings towards girls. The results show that the norms and culture have a big role in upholding the ancient follow of “honor killings” in Asian nations, and Islam has no link with the abuse of “honor killing” generally. It is an ancient social group phenomena that have entered in some cultural norms of the society. Honor killing is a practiced in Pakistan as well as numerous different regions. The paper in the last segment further gives proof of the consistency of global commitment in regards to the assurance of females' rights. The article distinguishes the component that is keeping the act of honor killing and prescribes to alter the law to handle that matter also. In this paper the socio-psychological phenomena of honor killing in Pakistan is discussed.

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2023-02-15T08:27:55+00:00

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Exploring the Rural Development of China Pakistan Economic Corridor Project Impact on Social Responsibilities and South Region of Pakistan

2023-02-16T06:57:00+00:00

Pakistan is a growing nation working to integrate with foreign business for efficient economic activities. The China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is pushing Pakistan's corporate and industrial sectors to accelerate their strategy and developmental implementation processes in order to stay competitive. For this reason, China is setting to the place in the business while Pakistan is gradually embracing corporate social responsibility (CSR). This article aims to investigate the indirect and direct effects of innovation on corporate social responsibility and business performance in Pakistan's manufacturing sectors. So, for this, panel data covering three years was collected. The theoretical framework is built on the institutional and resource-based theories. The direct and moderating effects were investigated using the multiple regression method. The CPEC is a huge bilateral initiative and developmental project that was started by Pakistan and China, in which the major focus is on the enhancement and modernization of the infrastructure of Pakistan in terms of improving trade with China. Because of CPEC uncountable potential and possible benefits to economic growth and economic development of common people's lives, the CPEC has become a huge success not just for authorities but also for ordinary Chinese and Pakistani individuals. It is the biggest and major foreign investment in Pakistan ever conducted by a single country. By being such a source of transporting and moving millions of tons of Chinese products to the Middle East, Africa, and Europe through Gwadar port, CPEC has the potential to significantly connect Pakistan and China. Using an event research method and technique, this study adds to the literature by assessing the influence of CPEC on stock returns. We estimate the continuously compounded returns across sectors to see if this impact varies across sectors. Furthermore, The median equality test is used to analyze the impact of CPEC on non-financial businesses and enterprises listed on the Karachi Stock Exchange's quality of financial reporting. The impact of CPEC on the stock market is found to be favorable and encouraging but not considerable, indicating that the stock market's exceptional performance cannot be ascribed to CPEC. At the national and regional level, the significance and impact of CPEC is also mixed.

Knowledge of Principles of Teaching and Learning and their Practices at Higher Education Level

2023-02-20T12:02:26+00:00

Conveying information and skills from one person to another is called teaching. In order to make teaching effective, the Principles of teaching and learning are comprehensive which provide support to teachers for analyzing their practices and upgrade their teaching (Julianne, 2006).The major aim of the research was to examine the perceptions of university teachers about the knowledge and practices of Principles of teaching and learning . To accomplish this aim all the teachers coaching atBahauddin Zakariya University Multan was the population of the research study, which were 619 teachers (currently teaching at that time). Eight faculties were merged in to four strata by the researcher. Forty five departments were selected from these four strata by using Simple random sampling technique. Sample of 395 was selected from these 45 strata through using lottery method of simple random sampling. For data collection researcher used questionnaire. Reliability of the tool was also calculated using Cronbach's Alpha Model and the value of 0.96 was abstracted which indicated that the scale was steady and reliable. Collected data was tabulated, analysis and interpreted in the light of objectives of study. Descriptive statistics (i.e., Mean and SD) and inferential statistics t-test and analysis of variance were applied to obtain the answers of research question. The results of the research study revealed that most of the Principles of teaching and learning were esteemed high on the measure by teachers responding to the questionnaire. The top ranked principle was "Teacher identifies that differences among single students exist.” and the lowest rated principle was “Teacher organizes different ways for students to interact with native and wider communities.”

Impact of the Scarcity and Serendipity Information on Online Impulse Buying Behavior with Moderating Effect of Hedonic Dimensions

2023-02-22T14:09:01+00:00

The phenomenon of impulse buying has become a focal point of interest for both academics and practitioners. This study aims to explore the role of situational factors such as scarcity and serendipity that affect online impulse buying behavior (OIBB) in Pakistan's social commerce (SC) environment. Additionally, the study assesses the moderating impact of the five Hedonic shopping value characteristics, namely adventure shopping, social shopping, value shopping, relaxation shopping, and idea shopping. Data were collected from 340 online buyers from different cities in Pakistan. The data was gathered through a questionnaire adapted from earlier studies. For data analysis, IBM SPSS and SmartPLS 4 software were used. The findings support the study's hypotheses that scarcity and serendipity information have a significant impact on online impulse buying behavior. The study further supports the idea of the moderating effect of Hedonic dimensions. The study's results are helpful for companies that want to understand the factors that preserve customers' online impulse buying behavior and motivate them to initiate the hedonic shopping aptitude. The study can be extended by combining quantitative and qualitative approaches and incorporating the negative effects of Hedonic dimensions to address the underlying causes of unsustainable consumption practices and environmental consciousness.

An Analysis of English Language Teachers Attitudes towards Professional Development in Public Sector Secondary Schools in Pakistan

2023-02-25T05:27:37+00:00

The present research examines the public sector secondary school English language teachers’ perception regarding formal professional development and their attitude towards it. The purpose of this research is to explore the underpinning factors concerned with the professional development that hinders the outcomes of professional development programs arranged by the public sector administration. To fulfill the objectives of this study a mixed method approach has been selected. The research tools include: survey questionnaire, class room observations and interviews. The result reveals that most of the English language teachers are well aware of formal professional development. However, their attitude towards their professional development is not positive. The findings of this study also uncover some of the factors such as job security, equal annual increments, lack of resources, poor classroom environment, and absence of feedback and lack of collaboration among teachers, principals, program organizers and teacher trainers which are very crucial in framing the attitude of English teachers. The result of the research further suggests that the entire education system requires improvement including collaboration among the teachers and administration, class room environment, examination system, performance based promotion system, relevance of the professional development programs with teacher’s professional development needs and teaching practices.

The Lives in a Gendered Society: An Analytical Study on Status and Position of Women in Assam

2023-03-06T05:31:30+00:00

The Research Article deals with the discussion on the status and position of women in Assamese society and the role played by different traditional and cultural institutions towards the projection of women. Firstly, to examine the status and position of women in Assamese society, various religious texts, cultural myths and stories and literatures of Assam have been discussed. Next, how violence against women is justified in the patriarchal social structures of Assam has been discussed.

The Effect of Knowledge Sharing Behavior on Teachers’ Performance at Intermediate Level

2023-03-22T06:59:10+00:00

Knowledge sharing is the main source of acquisition a competitive gain and achieving long-term success. It’s a common misconception that academics have a strong tendency to guard their knowledge and intellectual assets. Finding out how knowledge-sharing behavior affects teachers' performance was the study's main goal. This study used a causal-comparative research methodology and was quantitative in nature. Data was collected from teachers of public degree colleges in Lahore. Knowledge sharing behavior scale and teachers' performance questionnaire (that assessed four dimensions teaching skills, discipline and regularity, management skills and interpersonal relations) were used to gathering information. Inferential and descriptive statistics were used for analysis the data. The results showed that there is significant effect of knowledge sharing behavior on teachers’ performance. This study would provide a valuable contribution to the body of knowledge already available on knowledge sharing in general and instructors' knowledge sharing behavior in particular.

Regional Cooperation on Climate Change in South Asia

2023-03-31T15:51:48+00:00

Emanating non-traditional threats to South Asia in the near future would be far bigger than those of traditional threats. At the current juncture, climate change, ostensibly,is a bigger threat than terrorism and extremism. India, Pakistan and Bangladesh are the world’s 5th, 7th and 10th most vulnerable countries to climate change respectively. By 2050 sea level in India is predicted to rise by around 15–38 centimetres placing its major cities and economic hubs at risk. More than 40 per cent of Indians by 2030 will not have access to clean water. Between 1990 and 2008, 750 million people nearly 50% of South Asia’s population were affected by at least one type of disaster, resulting in almost 230,000 deaths. The severe implications of climate change are long-lasting for South Asia. The greater responsibility, thus, lies on regional countries to start regional cooperation to save this crucial region from the foreseen threats of climate change. Climate change is the only issue affecting all members of SAARC, bringing overlapping interests among them to craft regional cooperation to cope with foreseen climate change challenges.This paper, henceforth, will analyze the impacts of climate change on South Asia and will examine regional cooperation to mitigate climate change challenges.

The Role of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in Prevention and Treatment of HIV/AIDS in District Kech

2023-04-04T02:04:52+00:00

The Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) has become a need of this modern world and no one can deny the role of NGOs in the developing world. The NGOs are not only playing their role in development but also in health sectors. Especially in health sectors, private organizations have an important role because in developing region it is not possible for local government to provide modern health facilities to population and control the chronic disease such as HIV/AIDS. In such situations, NGOs become involved in these developing countries to counter the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Non-Governmental Organizations are working on HIV/AIDS in Kech, Balochistan to prevent the further spread of the virus in district. For this purpose, NGOs are working on several programs in Kech, under these programs NGOs were provided the free test services among the population to find out positive cases and they proved them effective treatment. The study was conducted under the objectives of finding the major role of NGOs in the prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS and socio-cultural hurdles faced by NGOs in control and treatment of virus. The mixed methodology of study came to the results after collecting primary and secondary data through questionnaire schedule, that the NGOs provided the free treatment and services to the HIV/AIDS patients. Moreover, NGOs became success to control the virus in some extend through HIV/AIDS awareness education. In addition, NGOs also faced some social and cultural barriers in the prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS. Finally, private organizations’ success was to limit the spread of virus but it more efforts eliminate the HIV/AIDS in district. This is the time for the Government of Balochistan to take groundbreaking steps on HIV/AIDS treatment and prevention.

Impact of Emotional Intelligence on Mother’s Mental Health having Children with Cerebral Palsy: Mediating Role of Family Support

2023-04-15T05:41:37+00:00

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of disorders which affect a person’s ability to move and maintain balance and posture known as motor disability in childhood. Caregivers of children with cerebral palsy suffer from a substantial psychosocial burden. Mothers are the most common caregivers of children with cerebral palsy. The main objective of this study was to find out the relationship among emotional intelligence, Family support and mental well-being along with mediating role of family support between emotional intelligence and mental well- being of mothers having cerebral palsy children. 100 mothers with the age (M=35.79 and SD 5.93) were recruited and convenient sampling strategy was used to collect responses. The Self-Report Emotional Intelligence scale (Wong & Law, 2004), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (Zimet et al. 1998) and Warwick-Edinburg Mental Well-being Scale (Stewart- Brown et al. 2006) scales along with demographic Performa were used. Inferential statistics analysis was administered on quantitative data. Results revealed that there is significant positive correlation among emotional intelligence Family Support and mental well-being in mothers of children with cerebral palsy. Mediation analysis revealed that family support is a significant positive mediator in the relationship between emotional intelligence and mental well-being in mothers of children with cerebral palsy. Finding of this research will be helpful for families and mothers who have children with special need to cooperate with each other through psychological management, motivational strategies and psycho-education.

Re-Orientalism and Talibanization: A Critical Feminist Reading of Selected Fictions of Afghan Diaspora

2023-04-28T08:42:40+00:00

This study examines how A Thousand Splendid Suns by Khaled Hosseini and The Pearl that Broke Its Shell by Nadia Hashimi serve as re-orientalist texts. Islamophobia under the Taliban regime in Afghanistan has recently gained currency in the international media. However, the self-proclaimed Islamic government of Afghanistan under the Taliban’s regime is hailed as well as condemned among the Afghan people. The Occident-backed English fiction writing diaspora looks at Afghanistan with the Western lens following suit of the Western media and thus re-Orientalize representing the version of Islam under the Taliban regime as terrorizing, violent, unwanted, rejected, and appalling, particularly for Afghan women. The study observes how both the West and Afghan-American writers share the same view about the male-dominated Afghan society. The research is qualitative as data has been analyzed through content analysis techniques. Lisa Lou and Om Prakash Dwivedi’s theory of Re-orientalism and Indian Writers in English is used as the theoretical framework of the study. Thus building upon Lou and Dwivedi’s theory, the study unveils similar writing behavior patterns of Indians, as well as the Afghan diaspora, once moved to the West. The study will provide deep insight for future scholars to view fictional works of the Afghan-American diaspora more critically.

An Analytical Study on the Government Policies for the Sustainable Growth of MSME’s in India During Covid-19

2023-05-03T15:58:28+00:00

The Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprise (MSME) sector is the foundation of the Indian economy. It represents 48% of India's products and utilizes 110 million individuals. The pandemic has, true to form, had a broad financial effect, yet the extent of its belongings isn't surely known. Small-scale organizations, which are basic to the working of India's manufacturing and administration sectors, have experienced the most. Notwithstanding, the COVID-19 and its consequence almost stopped the MSME sector in 2020, with a huge drop in income. The sector experienced the most as far as guaranteeing business congruity, because of a serious liquidity crunch and declining demand. During the emergency, the government's thought for the focused on sector has given critical catalyst to MSMEs. Thus, it is basic to evaluate the impediments, uncover them, and devise a system to beat the pandemic emergency. Hence, the researcher has made an attempt to do an analytical study on the government policies for the sustainable growth of MSMEs in India during COVID-19. Both primary and secondary sources of information have been used for the study.

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2023-05-12T11:32:01+00:00

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Effect of Intragroup Conflict on Perceived Group Performance with Mediation Role of Functional Diversity

2023-05-16T06:21:56+00:00

The goal of this study is to survey how intragroup conflict affects how well a group performs, with the functional variety of middle- and top-level personnel in a company serving as a mediator. The population of Oil and Gas Development Corporation Limited Pakistan was determined to be the medium and senior level personnel. The 160 middle and senior level employees were chosen as a convenience sample. The outcomes of the mediational variable demonstrated that in situations when there is task conflict, relational conflict, or observed team performance, there is no functional variation mediation. Thus, it was determined that both the similarity attraction theory and the self-categorization theory provided strong support. The study reinforced the idea that while companies may prevent conflicts in a bad way, disagreements should still be taken into account and directed for greater team effectiveness.

From Recognition to Purchase: Understanding the Role of Brand Awareness in Driving Consumer Behavior in Pakistan

2023-05-16T08:28:33+00:00

Brand awareness is said to be the prime ladder in generating differential positive image about the brand that can trigger consumer purchase intentions in Textile and clothing industry. The textile and clothing sector is expanding in a rapid pace; the youngsters seem to be the engine of change, accounting for around 32% of Pakistan population. The current study aims to assess the relationship between brand awareness and consumer purchase intentions with the role of brand image as a moderating variable in the textile and clothing sector of Pakistan. A structured questionnaire that was adapted from previous studies were distributed through emails and personally administered techniques among target group of customers by employing simple random sampling in universities, colleges, and sub-campuses affiliated colleges in Dera Ismail Khan, Peshawar, and Malakand divisions. 320 survey instruments were processed through SPSS and AMOS 23 version. The findings revealed significantly positive relationship between brand awareness and consumer purchase intentions; that supports the first hypothesis of the study. The role of brand image as moderator divulged significant connection that indicates the moderation interaction effects of brand image between brand awareness and consumer purchase intentions. Therefore, the findings support the second hypothesis of the study that revealed that the brand image moderates the relationship between brand awareness and consumer purchase intentions. The findings of the study can assist corporate brand managers in devising their marketing communications that can generates maximum level of brand awareness. Potential researchers can incorporate the ladder-up augmented benefits in the existing model in glaring its impact on consumer purchase intentions. Future research can take other industries in assessing the impact of brand awareness on consumers purchase intentions in diverse socio-cultural settings.

Emerging Role of Information Technology for the Deaf Sportsmen during Lockdowns

2023-07-20T06:57:47+00:00

Complete banned on sports activities during the corona days urge the need of computer based guidance for the deaf sportsmen during the lockdown period. The players of cricket, hockey and football were facing problems in the improvement of their skills without physical appearances in the ground. The study was performed to find out the use of information technology for the deaf players. The mixed method research approach was used to collect and analyze the data and significance of the results was performed using chi square test. It was observed that significant differences were found among the deaf players for communication, perfecting athletic movements and eliminating injuries except performance tracking and storing personal data for the use of computer by the players during the corona days. Significant differences were also studied for health issues, training schedules, video feedback, online registration and profile verification for the use of internet by the players during the corona days. Study showed significant differences for high cost of technology, destroy the spirit of the game, correct decision making by the referees and increase of illegal substances except for high quality training facility in the impact of technology on the players. Non significant differences in performance tracking, storing personal data and high quality training facility showed that all the players got technology benefits for these purposes during the corona days. The paper not only helps in establishing the role of computer based technology for the players but also provides the guidelines for deaf players for the improvement of their skills and fitness using technology.

Relationship Between Childhood Trauma and Emotional Dysregulation among Individuals with Drug Dependence

2023-08-04T07:28:57+00:00

The study aimed to explore the relationship between Childhood Trauma and Emotional Dysregulation among individuals with drug dependence.The study used a correlational research design to determine how closely the study variables are connected; sample was 100 participants from the clinical setting. CTQ-SF (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form) with 28 items (Bernstein et al., 2003), Difficulties in emotion regulation scale (Gratz& Roemer, 2004), Childhood Trauma positively associated with Emotional Dysregulation i.e., .44*. It is concluded that childhood trauma experiences made people more prone of maladaptive coping to control their emotions. The study findings can apply to understand the role of Childhood trauma in Emotional Dysregulation which can help in Enhancing emotion control in this population.

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2023-09-09T08:42:04+00:00

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Exploring Women's Involvement in Agriculture and Livestock Sectors: A Study of Punjab Province, Pakistan"

2023-09-13T10:47:35+00:00

This paper presents a quantitative study on the pastoral women’s part in Pakistan cutting-edge the area of agriculture and livestock. As Pakistan is an agricultural country therefore ladies also performance an imperative role in agronomy growth of Pakistan by actively participating in various crops and livestock activities. Despite this role, this contribution by women is not duly acknowledged and often underestimated and results in low rewards. The paper describes the landscape and scope of ladies’ contribution in agronomy and cattle activities in selected rural areas of Punjab, a major agriculture province of Pakistan. Semi-structured interviews of randomly selected 400 women respondents and 5 focus group discussions support in-depth and meaningful conclusions based on both quantitative and qualitative data. The findings of the training reveal the level of females’ active partaking in farm actions in addition to their household responsibilities that ranges from the acquisition of farm supplies to the product sale. However, the share of women in the income is found quite low compared to their contribution. Limited involvement in the judgement manufacture activities associated to agronomic and cattle is the major factor hampering women’s empowerment in the areas. Therefore the study suggests appropriate participation in decision level activities, just monetary rewards and equipment with modern farming skills for increasing their empowerment.

A Sine Fuzzy information Measure with their Applications in MADM Problems and Pattern Recongnition

2023-09-19T09:19:06+00:00

In the present communication, based on the Sine function, two effective measure are proposed in fuzzy theory, some interesting properties of these measures are analysed. Numerical example is given to show that the information measure of the proposed fuzzy entropy are effective by the comparison of the proposed entropy and the existing entropy. Further, we propose a divergence measure based on Jensen-Sine function which is known as Jensen-Sine divergence measure. It is generalization of J-divergence measure. One of the salient features of this measure is that we can allot the equal weight to each fuzzy set. This makes it specially reasonable for the study of decision making problem. Further, the idea has been generalised from probabilistic to fuzzy divergence measure. At last, the application of proposed Jensen-Sine fuzzy divergence measure is given in strategic decision-making and pattern recognition.

A Sine Intuitionistic Fuzzy Information Measure with their Applica-tions in MADM Problems

2023-09-19T09:21:02+00:00

A new Sine intuitionistic fuzzy information measure along with its validation is suggested. We have also studied its major properties. Further, a new MADM technique depending upon the weighted correlation coefficients and the suggested intuitionistic fuzzy information measure is proposed along with the necessity of the proposed method. The effectiveness of the method is described by using numerical examples. We have also shown the performance of our proposed method in contrast to some previously present methods in the literature.

A Case Study of Educational System in Pakistan: Problems and Solutions

2023-09-19T10:35:16+00:00

Based on statistical data, it is a fact that Pakistan's literacy rate is one of the lowest in the world, and this is an area of concern. It's saddening to hear that an estimated 22.6 million children are not going to school, and the literacy rate is only 58 per cent. The situation is even worse for disadvantaged youngsters who face significant difficulties in going to school. Improving the education system should be our top priority to empower our children with better opportunities to learn and grow. Every child deserves access to education, and we must do all that we can to make it a reality. Education plays a fundamental role in the political, social, and economic advancement of any country. It is a crucial aspect that cannot be overlooked. A strong and effective educational system is essential for a nation to achieve its goals. Pakistan, despite being a developing state, has valiantly tackled significant educational challenges since its inception. These issues have impeded the country's progress towards achieving its national goals. To overcome these obstacles, Pakistan must prioritize education by implementing effective policies, increasing funding, and improving access to quality education. Addressing these challenges will not only enhance the country's human capital but also promote sustainable economic growth and development. Several factors are contributing to this situation, and it is crucial to identify and address these problems. The objective of this study is to delve into the critical challenges that have long plagued the education system in Pakistan, to provide feasible solutions to overcome these obstacles. Through an extensive analysis of the prevailing issues, this study aims to identify the underlying causes of the inefficiencies within the education system and suggest practical measures to address these concerns. The ultimate goal is to establish a framework that can help improve the quality of education in Pakistan, thereby contributing to the development of a knowledgeable and skilled workforce.

“Challenges Amidst Connectivity: Analyzing Excessive Mobile Phone Use and Mental Health Struggles among Adolescents”

2024-01-20T09:53:53+00:00

Adolescents’ life have changed as cell phones have become essential. This study examines how excessive mobile phone use affects adolescents’ mental health. This study examines teenagers’ digital engagement’s prevalence, mechanisms, and effects using academic publications, national surveys, and government sources.

The literature shows that excessive mobile phone use has psychological and cognitive effects. Isolation, digital stress, and cognitive decline are major issues. Gender and socioeconomic position moderate the mental health effects of cell phone use, according to the study. To address these issues, digital well-being programs and parental participation are studied.

The methods section describes source selection and thematic and quantitative assessments. The research uses secondary data ethically.

The paper’s ensuing parts reveal the many ways excessive cell phone use affects teenage mental health. Isolation, connectedness, and emotional well-being highlight the relevance of virtual involvement in adolescents’ life and the emotional toll and loneliness caused by digital participation. Social comparison and mobile phone use are linked to anxiety and digital stress. Cognitive overload, attention issues, and learning impairments are also addressed.

Stakeholders—parents, educators, and mental health professionals—are advised. Parental guidance, internet literacy instruction, and psychologist-provided coping skills are suggested. Calls to action and research suggestions complete the report. To holistically address excessive mobile phone use and enhance teenage well-being in the digital era, collaborative government policies, longitudinal studies, and expanded research are recommended.

Interleukin-37 and Procalcitonin Role in Disease Severity of Covid-19 Iraqi Patients

2024-03-09T07:56:09+00:00

Corona-Virus Disease 2019 or what is today known as (COVID 19) is caused by a novel virulent virus belong to coroniviridae and leads to potentially fatal respiratory symptoms that are very similar to the severe respiratory distress syndrome. Different types of cytokines are showed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of this disease. Interleukin-37, often known as IL-37, is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that has been implicated in the modulation of immune responses in a variety of inflammatory illnesses. On the other hand, one of the most important complications of covid-19 was the secondary bacterial infections (SBIs). Procalcitonin (PCT) has been widely investigated as a biomarker for the secondary bacterial infection, especially its unique ability for distinguishing viral from bacterial infection. Hence, the present study was performed to examine the levels of IL-37 and the inflammatory marker procalcitonin (PCT) in serum of 207 patients with COVID-19 who were classified according to their disease severity into asymptomatic, mild and sever patients. Serum levels of IL-37 were significantly (Probability =0.01) decreased while serum levels of PCT were significantly (Probability=0.01) increased in sever patients as compared to other subgroups. In conclusion, the down-regulated of IL-37 in serum of patients with COVID-19 may be related to the elevated PCT levels among the same patients and this in turn may be related to an increase of disease severity.

Biodegradation of Crude Oil Using Three Types of Bacteria Pseudomonas Fluoroscens, Bacillus Licheniformis and Sphingomonas Paucimobilis.

2024-04-25T09:08:05+00:00

The biodegradation process is one of the best ways to remove organic pollutants with different organic concentrations that have a very dangerous impact on the ecosystem. Soil samples contaminated with crude oil were collected from eight oil producing sites of Basrah Governorate. In the present study three types of bacterial species were isolated from the soil contaminated with crude oil in the producing fileds. The bacterial species were diagnosis of Vitek device as Pseudomonas fluoroscens, Bacillus licheniformis and Sphingomonas paucimobilis, their ability to biodegrade crude oil was tested of the mineral salts medium. As single isolated for 10,20 and 30 days incubation. results showed that the P.fluoroscens the best with biodegradation ability at different incubation periods .

Bioremediation and Phytoremediation Using Mixed Inoculation with Bacteria and Fungi to Remove Contaminated Petroleum Hydrocarbons from Soil.

2024-04-25T09:10:14+00:00

Phytoremediation and Bioremediation is one of the best methods used in treating soils polluted with petroleum hydrocarbons. It was used in the treatment of large areas of soils contaminated with crude oil inside and outside polluted sites. Soil samples contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons were taken depending on the percentages of their total contaminated concentrations, which belong to three out of eight oil sites whose soils are contaminated with crude oil, which are West Qurna1 with heavy oil, Nahran Omar soil with light oil, and Al Zubair site with light oil. The three soils with total concentrations in a ratio of 1:1 polluted soil and unpolluted agricultural soil were inoculated with the efficiency of bacterial isolate of Pseudomonas fluorescens and fungal isolate of Aspergillus flovus based on the biodegradation process in the laboratory in liquid media. It was found that the mixed pollination in agricultural treatments when cultivating yellow corn plant in the bioremediation process between bacterial and fungal isolates is the best in removing the remaining petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants in the soil.

Efficacy of Measles Vaccination Schedule in Diyala Province, Iraq

2024-04-25T09:12:00+00:00

Measles is a highly contagious systemic viral illness. Despite the availability of a safe and effective attenuated measles vaccine for more than 50 years measles is still a major causes of children morbidity and mortality. In recent years, it has become a global public health problem, attributed to low vaccination coverage observed in different countries. The causative agent of illness is Measles virus (MeV), which is a member of genus Morbillivirus within the Paramyxoviridae family, it has a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA genome. In the 1963, the live measles vaccine was introduced and consequently there was dramatical reduction of these numbers. The vaccine was initially given as one dose. The MMR is a live attenuated vaccine, which are used to stimulate the immune system to protect against measles, mumps and rubella. The study aims to determination of the efficacy of measles vaccine among vaccinated children in Diyala province and assessing of effect of certain socio-demographic factors on vaccine efficacy. A study was performed from 1 Nov 2020 to 20 Oct 2021 in Health centers in Diyala Governorate. The study was conducted on 270 vaccinated children with the MMR, the control group was 65 unvaccinated children. The IgG antibody determined by the enzyme-linkid immunosorbent assay methodology. Ms excel package and SPSS 27 software was used for analysis. Among 270 vaccinated children 92.6% were positive for IgG antibody and IgG positivity rate was directly proportionate with number of vaccine doses, as those children received four vaccine doses had significantly higher rate of positive measles IgG compared to those received one or two doses , and only 7.4% were negative for IgG.