Analysis of tooth shape and gingival characteristics of maxillary central incisors in Iraqi population

Abstract

Background: The morphological features of gingiva and teeth are known to related with one another. The shape of the tooth and gingival biotype are prognostic factors in various regenerative and restorative approaches in dentistry. Aims of study: To investigate shape of tooth and gingival features of maxillary central incisors in Iraqi population and to determine the connection between shape of tooth and gingival features. Materials and Methods This study consisted of 100 periodontally and systemically healthy Iraqi subjects (50% male and 50% female), aged 18-28 years with normal occlusion. The crown width (CW), crown length(CL), Mesio- distal width(MDW)of clinical crown, papilla width(PW), and papilla height(PH) were evaluated from diagnostic stone model utilizing an electric digital caliper. Crown width to crown length(CW/CL) and mesiodistal width to crown length (MDW/CL) ratios of maxillary central incisors(MCI) were determined. Width of keratinized gingiva (WG) was estimated clinically. Result: The crown length(CL) of maxillary central incisor(MCI) was 9.47 mm, the mesio- distal width(MDW) was 8.51 mm, and the ratio of width/length (CW/CL) was 0.75 mm in Iraqi population. Ovoid type was the most widely recognized tooth shape (44%), followed by square type (35%) ,and triangular type (21%) , in central incisors of Iraqi population. Gingival features and shape of tooth were correlated one another. Conclusion: Tooth shape and gingival type are very important for esthetic rules and reference of rehabilitation for maxillary central incisors, including various therapeutic and periodontal treatments and also, procedures of implant placement in Iraqi population.